{"id":356,"date":"2004-10-28T14:14:42","date_gmt":"2004-10-28T06:14:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.axqd.net\/?p=356"},"modified":"2004-10-28T14:14:42","modified_gmt":"2004-10-28T06:14:42","slug":"check-list-for-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.axqd.net\/?p=356","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u5b89\u5168\u6e05\u5355"},"content":{"rendered":"

1.\u7269\u7406\u5b89\u5168<\/p>\n

\u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u6b21\u672c\u673a\u767b\u5f55\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u540e\u7684SignOut\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1b\u8bbe\u7f6eBIOS\u5bc6\u7801\u4e14\u4fee\u6539\u5f15\u5bfc\u6b21\u5e8f\u7981\u6b62\u4ece\u8f6f\u76d8\u542f\u52a8\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1b<\/p>\n

2\uff0e\u4f7f\u7528\u5b89\u5168\u5bc6\u7801<\/p>\n

\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u5bc6\u7801\u957f\u5ea6\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u76f8\u5e94\u8981\u6c42\uff1b<\/p>\n

3\uff0e\u9650\u5236\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6570\u91cf<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u610f\u7ecf\u5e38\u68c0\u67e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8d26\u53f7\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8d26\u53f7\uff0c\u5e76\u6ce8\u610f\u68c0\u67e5\u76f8\u5e94\u8d26\u53f7\u7684\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff1b<\/p>\n

4. \u53e3\u4ee4\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528chattr\u547d\u4ee4\u7ed9\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53ef\u66f4\u6539\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u975e\u6388\u6743\u7528\u6237\u83b7\u5f97\u6743\u9650\uff1a<\/p>\n

# chattr +i \/etc\/passwd
\n# chattr +i \/etc\/shadow
\n# chattr +i \/etc\/group
\n# chattr +i \/etc\/gshadow<\/code><\/p>\n

5. \u7981\u6b62Ctrl+Alt+Delete\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8\u673a\u5668\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n

\u4fee\u6539\/etc\/inittab\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c06”ca::ctrlaltdel:\/sbin\/shutdown -t3 -r now”\u4e00\u884c\u6ce8\u91ca\u6389\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u91cd\u65b0\u8bbe\u7f6e\/etc\/rc.d\/init.d\/\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\u6743\u9650\uff1a<\/p>\n

# chmod -R 700 \/etc\/rc.d\/init.d\/*<\/code><\/p>\n

6. \u9650\u5236su\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n

\u7f16\u8f91\/etc\/pam.d\/su\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u5982\u4e0b\u4e24\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n

auth sufficient \/lib\/security\/pam_rootok.so debug
\nauth required \/lib\/security\/pam_wheel.so group=isd<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u4ec5isd\u7ec4\u7684\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528su\u4f5c\u4e3aroot\uff1b<\/p>\n

7. \u5220\u51cf\u767b\u5f55\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n

\u7f16\u8f91\/etc\/rc.d\/rc.local\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5982\u4e0b\u884c\u901a\u901a\u6ce8\u91ca\u6389\uff1a<\/p>\n

# This will overwrite \/etc\/issue at every boot. So\uff0c make any changes you
\n# want to make to \/etc\/issue here or you will lose them when you reboot
\n# echo \"\" \uff1e \/etc\/issue
\n# echo \"$R\" \uff1e\uff1e \/etc\/issue
\n# echo \"Kernel $(uname -r) on $a $(uname -m)\" \uff1e\uff1e \/etc\/issue
\n# cp -f \/etc\/issue \/etc\/issue.net
\n# echo \uff1e\uff1e \/etc\/issue<\/code><\/p>\n

\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u5982\u4e0b\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n

# rm -f \/etc\/issue
\n# rm -f \/etc\/issue.net
\n# touch \/etc\/issue
\n# touch \/etc\/issue.net <\/code><\/p>\n

8\uff0e\u9650\u5236NFS\u8bbf\u95ee\u3000<\/p>\n

\u5e94\u8be5\u786e\u4fdd\u4f60\u7684\/etc\/exports\u5177\u6709\u6700\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u3001\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8root\u5199\u6743\u9650\u5e76\u4e14\u53ea\u80fd\u5b89\u88c5\u4e3a\u53ea\u8bfb\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7f16\u8f91\u6587\u4ef6\/etc\/exports\u5e76\u52a0\u5165\u5982\u4e0b\u4e24\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\/dir\/to\/export host1.mydomain.com(ro\uff0croot_squash)
\n\/dir\/to\/export host2.mydomain.com(ro\uff0croot_squash)<\/p>\n

\/dir\/to\/export \u662f\u4f60\u60f3\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0chost.mydomain.com\u662f\u767b\u5f55\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u673a\u5668\u540d\uff0cro\u610f\u5473\u7740mount\u6210\u53ea\u8bfb\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0croot_squash\u7981\u6b62root\u5199\u5165\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u6539\u52a8\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u5982\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n

# \/usr\/sbin\/exportfs \u2013a<\/code><\/p>\n

9\uff0eInetd\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\u8981\u786e\u8ba4\/etc\/inetd.conf\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u662froot\uff0c\u4e14\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a600\u3002\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528”stat”\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u67e5\uff1b<\/p>\n

# chmod 600 \/etc\/inetd.conf<\/code><\/p>\n

\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u7f16\u8f91\/etc\/inetd.conf\u7981\u6b62\u4ee5\u4e0b\u670d\u52a1\uff1b<\/p>\n

ftp telnet shell login exec talk ntalk imap pop-2 pop-3 finger auth<\/code><\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86ssh\/scp\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7981\u6b62\u6389Telnet\/FTP\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u6539\u53d8\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u5982\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n

#killall -HUP inetd<\/code><\/p>\n

\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528TCP_WRAPPERS\u589e\u5f3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\/etc\/hosts.deny\u548c\/etc\/hosts.allow\u6765\u589e\u52a0\u8bbf\u95ee\u9650\u5236\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c06\/etc\/hosts.deny\u8bbe\u4e3a”ALL: ALL”\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ed8\u8ba4\u62d2\u7edd\u6240\u6709\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1b\u7136\u540e\u5728\/etc\/hosts.allow\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1b\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c”sshd: 192.168.1.10\/255.255.255.0 gate.openarch.com”\u8868\u793a\u5141\u8bb8IP\u5730\u5740192.168.1.10\u548c\u4e3b\u673a\u540dgate.openarch.com\u5141\u8bb8\u901a\u8fc7SSH\u8fde\u63a5\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u914d\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528tcpdchk\u68c0\u67e5\uff1a<\/p>\n

# tcpdchk<\/code>
\n\uff08tcpchk\u662fTCP_Wrapper\u914d\u7f6e\u68c0\u67e5\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u68c0\u67e5\u4f60\u7684tcp wrapper\u914d\u7f6e\u5e76\u62a5\u544a\u6240\u6709\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\/\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff09\uff1b<\/p>\n

10\uff0e\u767b\u5f55\u7ec8\u7aef\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/p>\n

\/etc\/securetty\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u5141\u8bb8root\u767b\u5f55\u7684tty\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u7531\/bin\/login\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c
\n\u5176\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u8f91\/etc\/securetty\u4e14\u6ce8\u91ca\u6389\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\u884c\uff1b<\/p>\n

# tty1
\n# tty2
\n# tty3
\n# tty4
\n# tty5
\n# tty6<\/code><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0croot\u4ec5\u53ef\u5728tty1\u7ec8\u7aef\u767b\u5f55\uff1b<\/p>\n

11\uff0e\u907f\u514d\u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u5982\u4e0b\u6539\u53d8\/etc\/inetd.conf\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n

telnet stream tcp nowait root \/usr\/sbin\/tcpd in.telnetd -h<\/code><\/p>\n

\u52a0-h\u8868\u793atelnet\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u663e\u793a”login:”\uff1b<\/p>\n

12\uff0e\u963b\u6b62ping<\/p>\n

\u5728\/etc\/rc.d\/rc.local\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u589e\u52a0\u5982\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n

echo 1 \uff1e\/proc\/sys\/net\/ipv4\/
\nicmp_echo_ignore_all<\/code><\/p>\n

13\uff0e\u9632\u6b62IP\u6b3a\u9a97<\/p>\n

\u7f16\u8f91host.conf\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u589e\u52a0\u5982\u4e0b\u51e0\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n

order bind\uff0chosts
\nmulti off
\nnospoof on<\/code><\/p>\n

14\uff0e\u9632\u6b62DoS\u653b\u51fb<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8d44\u6e90\u9650\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62DoS\u7c7b\u578b\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u5982\u6700\u5927\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u91cf\u7b49\uff1b\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\/etc\/security\/limits.conf\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u5982\u4e0b\u51e0\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n

* hard core 0
\n* hard rss 5000
\n* hard nproc 20<\/code><\/p>\n

\u7136\u540e\u5fc5\u987b\u7f16\u8f91\/etc\/pam.d\/login\u6587\u4ef6\u68c0\u67e5\u4e0b\u9762\u4e00\u884c\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n

session required \/lib\/security\/pam_limits.so<\/code><\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7981\u6b62\u8c03\u8bd5\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570\u4e3a50\u5e76\u4e14\u9650\u5236\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u4e3a5MB\u3002<\/p>\n

15\uff0e\u5b89\u88c5\u8865\u4e01<\/p>\n

\u7ecf\u5e38\u8bbf\u95ee\u76f8\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf\u7f51\u7ad9\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b89\u5168\u7ad9\u70b9\uff0c\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u6f0f\u6d1e\u8865\u4e01\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u5177\u4f53\u7f51\u5740\uff1a<\/p>\n

REDHAT
\nftp:\/\/updates.redhat.com\/<\/p>\n

DEBIAN
\nhttp:\/\/www.debian.org\/security\/
\n\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528apt-get update\/upgrade \u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5347\u7ea7\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1b<\/p>\n

source.list\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\ndeb http:\/\/security.debian.org\/ slink updates
\n\u6216 deb http:\/\/security.debian.org\/ potato\/updates main contrib non-free <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1.\u7269\u7406\u5b89\u5168 \u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u6b21\u672c\u673a\u767b\u5f55\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u540e\u7684SignOut\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1b\u8bbe\u7f6eBIOS\u5bc6\u7801\u4e14\u4fee\u6539\u5f15\u5bfc\u6b21\u5e8f\u7981\u6b62\u4ece\u8f6f\u76d8\u542f\u52a8\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1b … \u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb\u201cLinux\u5b89\u5168\u6e05\u5355\u201d<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[94,137],"class_list":["post-356","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-10","tag-linux","tag-security"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.axqd.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/356","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.axqd.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.axqd.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.axqd.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.axqd.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=356"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blog.axqd.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/356\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.axqd.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=356"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.axqd.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=356"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.axqd.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=356"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}